New Historicism free essay sample

There are no realities †just understandings (Tyson 286) Power flows from every single social level at untouched (Tyson 287) â€Å"history is neither direct (†¦) nor dynamic (†¦)† (Tyson 287) no widespread soul of an age †consistently resistance (Tyson 287) investigation of history is consistently abstract (Tyson 287) Individual and culture characterize one another (Tyson 287) New historicism applied to writing â€Å"(†¦) the scholarly content and the recorded circumstance from which it rose are similarly significant (†¦)† (Tyson 288) a? â€Å" (†¦) they make each other† (Tyson 289) In this manner New Historicism doesn't view an abstract book as a separated article however needs to find out about the foundation and the lifestyle of the individuals at when it was composed. Social Criticism needs â€Å"(†¦) to make associations between the abstract content, the way of life wherein it rose, and the way of life wherein it is interpreted†. (Tyson 295) New Historicism and Cultural Criticism are difficult to recognize †they vary just in hardly any focuses Differences of Cultural Criticism to New Historicism †¢ increasingly political a? frequently bases on Marxist, women's activist or other political hypotheses ( Tyson 294) particularly intrigued by the mainstream society ( Tyson 294) presence of a high-/low culture which the predominant class chooses ( Tyson 294) New Historical Reading of F. That agethe development of print culture, the rise of the open circle as a mechanism of impact, and the conveyance of information in the United Stateshas been productively concentrated from New Historicist perspectives. So those are the fields that are most straightforwardly impacted by this methodology. At the point when we examine Jerome McGanns paper, youll perceive how it impacts Romantic examinations. Presently the New Historicism wasand this most likely records for its momentous fame and impact in the period generally from the late seventies through the mid ninetieswas a reaction to an expanding feeling of moral ailure in the disconnection of the content as it was supposedly rehearsed in specific types of scholarly examination. Starting with the New Criticism through the time of deconstruction, and the recondite talk of Lacan and others in analysis, there was an inclination far reaching among researchers, particularly more youthful researchers, that some way or another or another, particularly in light of squeezing concerns-post-Vietnam, worries with globalization, worries with the conveyance of intensity and worldwide capitalall of these worries nspired what one can just call a blame complex in scholastic abstract grant and prompted an arrival to history. It was felt that a sort of moral tipping point had been shown up at and that the methods of investigation that had been prospering should have been supplanted by methods of examination in which history and the political ramifications of what one was doing got unmistakable and focal. I need to state that in discussions of this sort theres consistently a lot of sight-seeing, perhaps on the two sides. From numerous points of view its not the case that the purported secluded methodologies truly were separated. Deconstruction in its subsequent age expounded ceaselessly on history and embraced to situate the strategies of deconstruction to a comprehension of history, just to give one model. The New Historicism, then again, manifested a distraction with issues of structure and literary trustworthiness that surely followed from the controls, the methodologies, that went before them. Additionally to an enormous degreeand 1 of 10 03/24/2012 11:47 ?.? PRINT Open Yale Courses http://oyc. yale. edu/transcript/469/engl-300 this is, obviously, valid for a decent numerous different methodologies that were going to research, approaches situated in inquiries of character alsoto a huge degree, appropriated the language of the age of the deconstructionists and, somewhat, certain basic structuralist thoughts having to do with the parallel connection between self nd other, and paired connections among social substances, rather than etymological elements; yet at the same time, as I state, basically acquiring the structure of thought of going before approaches. Along these lines, as I state, it was in a polemical air and at a snapshot of across the board self-question in the scholarly abstract calling that the New Historicism came into its owna reaction, as I state, to the seclusion of the content by specific procedures and ways to deal with it. Section 2. The New Historicist Method and Foucault [00:06:16] Now rapidly: the technique for New Historical examination fell into an example, a connecting with one, one that is brilliantly exemplified by the short presentation of Greenblatt that I have requested that you read: an example of starting with a tale, frequently rather far abroad, in any event clearly rather far away from home, from the abstract issues that are in the end gone to in the contention of a given exposition. For instance: a dusty mill operator was strolling not far off, pondering nothing specifically, when he experienced a bailiff, at that point certain legitimate issues emerge, and by one way or another or another the before you know it were looking at King Lear. This fairly superb, angled path into abstract points was inferable from the splendor in dealing with it of Greenblatt, specifically, and Louis Montrose and a portion of his associates. This method turned into a sort of a sign of the New Historicism. Over the long haul, obviously, it was simple enough to spoof it. It has been exposed to spoof and, from a specific perspective, has been altered and berated by the predominance of satire; however it all things considered, I think, gives you something about the manner in which New Historicist thinking works. The New Historicism is intrigued, following Foucaultand Foucault is the essential effect on the New Historicism. I wont state as much about this today as I would feel obliged to state on the off chance that I werent before long be going to come back to Foucault with regards to sexual orientation contemplates, when we take up Foucault and Judith Butler togetherbut I will say quickly that Foucaults composing, particularly his later composition, is about the inescapability, the dissemination through social requests, of what he calls power. Presently power isn't justor, much of the time in Foucault, not even basically the intensity of vested specialists, the intensity of viciousness, or the intensity of oppression from above. Force in Foucaultthough it very well may be those things and every now and again isis considerably more inescapably and furthermore guilefully the manner by which information flows in a culture: in other words, the manner by which what we think, what we imagine that it is fitting to thinkacceptable thinkingis disseminated by to a great extent inconspicuous powers in an interpersonal organization or a social framework. Force, at the end of the day, in Foucault is from a specific perspective information, or to put it another way, it is the clarification of how certain types of information come to existknowledge, incidentally, not really of something that is valid. Certain types of information come to exist in specific spots. So the entirety of this is vital to crafted by Foucault and is extended by the New Historicists; subsequently the enthusiasm for them of the tales. Start as far abroad as you can comprehensibly begin from what you will at last be discussing, which is most likely some printed or topical issue in Shakespeare or in the Elizabethan masque or whatever the case might be. Start as far abroad as you can from that, accurately so as to show the inescapability of a particular sort of reasoning, the inescapability of a specific social requirement or restriction on opportunity. On the off chance that you can show how unavoidable it is, you fortify and legitimize the Foucauldian thought that force is, as Ive stated, a deceptive and omnipresent method of flowing information. The entirety of this is certain, occasionally express, in New Historicist ways to deal with what they do. 2 of 10 03/24/2012 11:47 ?.? Open Yale Courses http://oyc. yale. edu/transcript/469/engl-300 Chapter 3. The Reciprocal Relationship Between History and Discourse [00:10:56] So as I stated, Foucault is the vital precursor and obviously, when its an issue of Foucault, writing as we need to think about itperhaps conventionally or as a specific sort of articulation instead of different kindsdoes will in general breakdown once more into the more extensive or progressively broad idea of talk, since its by methods for talk that force flows information. By and by, in spite of the way that New Historicism needs to return us to this present reality, it by the by recognizes that that arrival is language bound. It is by methods for language that this present reality shapes itself. That is the reason for the New Historicistand by this implies, Ill turn in a second to the wonderful tale with which Greenblatt starts the concise paper that Ive asked you to readthats for what valid reason the New Historicist lays such exceptional accentuation on the possibility that the connection between discoursecall it writing on the off chance that you like, you ight as welland history is corresponding. Indeed, history conditions what writing can say in a given age. History is a significant method of understanding the valency of particular sorts of expression at specific occasions. As it were, history isas its customarily thought to be by the Old Historicism, and Ill get to that in a minutehistory is a foundation to talk or writing. In any case, by a similar token there is an office, in other words a limit, to flow power in talk thus. Call it writing: I am Richard II, know you not that? says Queen Elizabeth when at the hour of the compromised Essex Uprising she gets wind of the way that Shakespeares Richard II is being performed, as she accepts, in the open avenues and in private houses. As it were, any place there is subversion, any place there are individuals who need to topple her and supplant her with the Earl of Essex, the faker to the seat, Richard II is being performed. All things considered, presently this is startling to Queen Elizabeth since she knowsshes a supporter of the theatershe realizes that Richard II is about a ruler who has numerous ideals however a specific shortcoming, a political

Organic Food †Does It Really Makes a Difference? Essay

 There are expanding banters about whether the natural food truly has any kind of effect. Natural food has been normally observed as better taste, sound, security and condition inviting, yet is it valid? This paper would like to discover the specific finish of that banter, just as consumers’ point of view of natural food, and its impact on accommodation industry. 1. Presentation of Organic Food 1. 1 Definition of Organic Food Organic food has a severe guideline that figures out what sort of food can be marked ‘organic’. As per the Food Safety Authority of Ireland, â€Å"Organic food is the result of a rural cultivating framework that puts a solid accentuation on ecological insurance and creature government assistance. † (Peter, 2006; Food Safety Authority of Ireland, Organic Food, 2004) As well as the natural produce send out advisory group characterized it as â€Å"organic creation accentuates the utilization of sustainable assets, protection of vitality and assets, and conservation of the earth, without the utilization of manufactured composts and pesticides† (Peter, 2006; Organic Produce Export Committee, 2002). In light of the statements, we realize that the natural food has numerous advantages that regular food doesn't have, for example, condition well disposed, solid, no concealed threat, etc. 1. 2 Consumer’s Awareness of Healthy Eating â€Å"Foodborne infection brought about by microbiological risks is a huge and developing general medical issue in Europe and around the world. † (Deborah, Christopher, Patricia, 2003, p. 434). On account of the innovation, by watching the press inclusion from TV and the Internet, overall open consciousness of food quality and sustenance has been improving drastically. An exploration led by Annelies states that â€Å"food has gotten less sheltered, less scrumptious, more costly and surely less solid. † (Annelies, Xavier, Jacques, 2002 p. 615). Accordingly, these days the natural food is getting increasingly more well known far and wide. In addition, as indicated by Aikaterini M (2002, p. 346) â€Å"better taste, resembling home-developed, being liberated from BSE, hereditary adjustment and food added substances are inspirations for purchasing natural food†. It is said that the interest of natural food is developing bit by bit, and now individuals are more ready to purchase natural food as opposed to ordinary food. 2. Discussion of Difference between Organic Food and Conventional Food Now on the grounds that the individuals worry over their sound issue and its connection with food has been strengthened as of late, and liable to turn out to be all the more in this way, it drives incredible numerous articles getting more fixation on expounding on smart dieting style; among these articles, a lot of discussions have been emerged for contending whether the natural food is superior to the traditional food or not. 2. 1 Standpoint of Organic Food Is Better Than Conventional Food Generally, the natural food is more costly than the customary food, yet shoppers despite everything ready to pay a premium for naturally developed items. â€Å"According to the consequences of the natural food buyer study, respondents who guarantee to be a natural food purchaser rank â€Å"healthiness† first, â€Å"taste† second and â€Å"environmentally friendly† third. † (Annelies, et al, 2002, p. 614) 2. 1. 1 Healthiness and Food Safety. Initially, in light of natural food definition, it plainly illuminates its clients that it doesn't utilization of any chemo-engineered manures, pesticides and pharmaceuticals. With respect to food, we can't state all of customary food may contain unsafe substance because of pesticide deposits stay on food, however what can be certain is the traditional food in reality has hazard that danger to wellbeing. (Faidon, Fotini, and Antonis 2006) The danger presumably is less impact for grown-up, yet at the same time may make threat delicate gatherings, for example, children and elderly folks individuals. As a matter of fact, some scientists’ report â€Å"certain pesticide in ordinary food could, over numerous years, raise the danger of malignancy and other malady in people. † (Faidon, et al, 2006, p. 25) The report likewise expresses that the verdant vegetables and organic products with flimsy skin, lettuce and strawberry for instance, are contained substantially more synthetic deposits than different sorts of food. Along these lines, these high-hazard nourishments ought to consistently eat naturally cultivated, or on the season. 2. 1. 2 Taste of Organic Food. Furthermore, another discussion point that shows improvement over different kinds of food, the article, composed by Laurence and Stacey (2002), said the case that all natural food taste better than ordinary food is anything but a legitimate one. In view of his examination, the natural squeezed orange proves it has a superior taste, however his exploration likewise shows that there is no distinction in taste by looks at the natural milk and ordinary milk. Any reasonable person would agree not all of natural nourishments taste superior to traditional food sources, yet after all some natural nourishments are extremely more scrumptious than different nourishments. Then again, we ought not overlook the physiological impact. Numerous reports and articles concede that there is an overall conviction that purchasers figure the natural food improves. (Anne, Albert and Clive, 1995; Fotopoulos and Krystalli, 2002; Justin and Jyoti, 2012) It is a lot of enthusiastic conviction. Subsequently, even scarcely any natural nourishments do taste nothing unique, the general ignorant shoppers despite everything taste natural food ‘better’ in light of predisposition of point of view. 2. 1. 3 Environment Friendly Thirdly, as indicated by exist examine, the natural horticulture is seen as amicable for condition and creature government assistance. (Bord 2000; Annelies et al, 2002; Anne et al, 1995; Koen, Joris, and Guido, 2009) According to the report by Bord (2000), the natural cultivating has numerous preferences that the ordinary cultivating has, for example, ensuring the drawn out richness of soils, empowering soil organic movement, preservation of untamed life and characteristic living spaces, etc. Moreover, as the creator referenced above, customers progressively worry to condition issues, which will end up being a pattern of green development in accommodation industry. (Zhang and Jing, 2011) 2. 2 Viewpoint of No Difference between Organic Food and Conventional Food Some exploration call attention to the principle reasons forestall buyers to purchase natural food are absence of accessibility, costly, and fulfillment with ordinary food. (Emma and Tony, 2005; Aikaterini, 2002) Another exploration directed by Faidon, et al (2006), states that natural food likely simply purchasing for genuine feelings of serenity, since they accept natural food makes no perceptible contrasts than regular food. To be all the more explicitly, as the creator referenced over, the sanitation is positioned as the principal reason customers purchasing natural food; however in reality the examination shows that compound buildup stayed level is constrained and adequate in most of customary food. (Faidon, et al, 2006) Even however a few kinds of regular items, for example, strawberry, are contained substantially more concoction buildups than other, yet numerous buyers can be fulfilled by picking other substitutable ordinary item to supplant the perilous food. Then again, the adequate measure of concoction buildups in ordinary food may has least impact on typical people’s wellbeing; at any rate until further notice it is as yet the subject of incredible logical debate. (Faidon, et al, 2006) Additionally, on the grounds that the absence of accessibility of natural food, the shoppers in some cases don't have any alternatives yet pick customary food; accordingly it might doesn't have a perceptible preferred position that the natural food bring, except if purchasers eating natural food just for quite a while. 3. Consumers’ Perspective of Differences between Organic food, Conventional Food and Genetically Modified (GM) Food, and Their Impact on Hospitality Industry Despite loads of researchers contend what they accept or question whether the natural food extremely worth the cash or not, and regardless of what number of inquired about information they used to help their view, clueless customers consistently are the significant gathering who judge the natural food dependent on their own insight and viewpoint. The presence of mind discloses to them the nature items are consistently the most secure for individual. Additionally, in contrast to the customary food and GM food, the natural food gives a perfect mark and effortlessly comprehended fixing list. Interestingly, the primary picture of consumer’s point of view of customary food is that it employments of chemo-engineered manures, pesticides and pharmaceuticals. In spite of the fact that the customary food has numerous favorable circumstances that the natural food doesn't have, for example, modest, huge, in every case broadly accessible, and less constrained item run, however these points of interest are for the most part exceptionally depended on destructive substance (modest quantity). Then again, the GM food likewise doesn't give customers any better trust in sanitation and quality. Truth be told, in view of research, most of shoppers have negative disposition towards GM food since they don't have precisely information to know how GM food being delivered. (Annelies, and Jacques, 2003) Hence, comparable to consumers’ viewpoint, natural food truly makes distinction, by reason of individuals can guarantee there is no hazard in nourishments, particularly guarantee the sanitation for delicate gathering, for example, babies, pregnant ladies, more established individuals, etc. These days, the expanding purchasers pick natural item, yet in addition the eateries and lodgings have understood that the mark of ‘organic’ is carry chances to them. In light of the examination by Zhang and Jing (2011), an ever increasing number of hoteliers begin to welcome natural food on their menu, so as to serve a fine quality food and pull in clients. An exploration of shopper conduct and buy goal for natural food demonstrates that â€Å"health, accessibility and instruction from segment factors decidedly impact the consumer’s mentality towards purchasing natural food; and the general s

A Study of Step 2 of the 12 Steps Faith

A Study of Step 2 of the 12 Steps Faith More in Addiction Coping and Recovery Methods and Support Overcoming Addiction Personal Stories Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Nicotine Use Many whose lives are impacted by the family disease of alcoholism find hope again once they place their faith in a power greater than themselves. This is Step 2 of the 12 Steps: Step 2 Came to believe that a Power greater than ourselves could restore us to sanity. Many members of Alcoholics Anonymous or Al-Anon Family Groups come into the program with a strong faith in God, and with the encouragement of other members of the fellowship soon learn to apply that faith to the situations in their lives created by alcoholism. With the wisdom provided by the program, the friendship, and support of other members, the healing process begins with the help of a loving God, as they understand him. Agnostics and Atheists and Step 2 Others who are introduced to the 12-step programs are agnostics or atheists, who reject the concept of a deity. Many are turned off by even the mention of the word God and some bristle at even hints of anything spiritual. But, as it says in the book, Alcoholics Anonymous, in the chapter entitled We Agnostics, we beg you to lay aside prejudice... and give the program a chance. The 12-step programs are spiritual, not religious. There is no mention of religious beliefs, doctrine, or dogma in the meetings or in the approved literature. Members are not required to accept someone elses concept of God, only to trust that there is a power greater than themselves however they wish to describe it or understand it. It seems to be a spiritual truth, that before a higher power can begin to operate, one must first believe that it can. You have to believe it, to receive it. Millions of program members through the years, who finally came to believe have found themselves amazed to find that power at work in their lives in seemingly miraculous ways. The Faithful and Step 2 For those who are strong in their religious faith, Step 2 can also present a challenge. If you have a conviction as to the nature of God, it can be disconcerting to hear higher power being used rather than God. You may have difficulty in accepting the nature of that higher power for other members of the group. Hearing that its okay to use a doorknob for a higher power if thats how you understand it, can be hard to accept. You may even find it offensive. However, to give a 12-step program a chance, you need to restrain that reaction and not let it block using the 12-step process. Religious prejudice can get in the way. Experiences of Step 2 Members of various 12-step groups  have shared their experience, strength, and hope on each of the steps. Here are some of their stories. Carol tells of how she was raised in a family who was active in their church. When she attempted sobriety, she returned to her church. Slowly, I found that the God in my religion has a special face he shows only to drunks. And I found Him in the rooms of Alcoholics Anonymous. He is there,  waiting for us to ask for his help. Faith is the foundation of my AA life.Sox was prompted to attend a meeting by reading the This is AA pamphlet. I called one of the major clubs in my area and went to a meeting that night. But it was obvious to me that I had turned to God first, and then took Step 1. I knew that my life was insane and I knew there was a power greater than myself, but until that moment, I had always resented God for butting in where He wasnt wanted. Now I wanted Him, and sure enough, He led me to where I needed to be.Buddy, an Al-Anon member, says, At my first meeting, after reading some of the literature, I made the comment that I had a problem with the higher power references. Af ter that meeting, a long-time member came up to me and said. Im not saying to forget your religious beliefs, but just put them on hold for a while and give Al-Anon a chance. There was great wisdom what she told me. And if she had not taken the time to tell me that, I probably would have never come back and it would have been me who missed out on so much that God had in store for me. All the wisdom, help, friendship, encouragement, and spiritual growth that I have found in Al-Anon, I would have missed because of my own religious prejudices. So, my suggestion to newcomers is the same that I received: put your religious beliefs, or unbelief on hold and give the whole program a chance. Because Al-Anon is not a religious program, but a spiritual one.

Animal Abuse Database Administration System - 2501 Words

.According to the AARDAS (Animal Abuse Database Administration System) the four major causes of animal’s deaths include neglect, shooting, hoarding and fighting, followed by torture and mutation. (Evans 1) The abuse of animals is just one of the main rights that as humans we infiltrate. The ignorance of humans choosing to ignore the rights of innocent animals is drastically affecting our society. â€Å"The assumption that animals are without rights and the illusion that our treatment of them has no moral significance is a positively outrageous example of Western crudity and barbarity. Universal compassion is the only guarantee of morality.† (Author Schopenhauer). Animals have rights, and our society continues to overlook those rights by using them in research, factory farming, and holding them in captivity, and these issues must be addressed with all seriousness for the sake of the animals and our society. The history of animal rights dates back to 1824 when a small group from England formed the society for prevention of cruelty to the animals. (Owen 20) This group was formed in response to animals being forced to participate in bull baiting where dogs fought a tether ball. This act of entertainment ended with the tether ball winning while the dog was defeated and injured. The group managed to get the first couple laws passed forbidding cruel treatment such as bull baiting to animals. This was a milestone in animal rights history, and shortly after, the ASPCA (AmericanShow MoreRelatedAnimal Abuse Database Administration System2467 Words   |  10 PagesAccording to the AARDAS (Animal Abuse Database Administration System) the four major causes of animal’s deaths include neglect, shooting, hoarding and fighting, followed by torture and mutation. (Evans 1) The abuse of animals is just one of the main rights that as humans we infiltrate. 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Fraud Case Study Medicare Claims - 1852 Words

Fraud Case Study: Medicare Claims Carolann Stanek University of Mary Fraud Case Study: Medicare Claims False claims are a parasite to the American health care system resulting in overall higher health care costs. The Department of Justice reported recovering $1.9 billion dollars in fiscal year 2015 from fraudulent and false claims in health care (Department of Justice, 2015). In 2011, fraud and abuse were estimated to add $98 billion to federal spending for Medicare and Medicaid (Furrow, Greaney, Johnson, Stoltzfus Jost, Schwartz, 2015). It is the dollar figures like those listed above, that have necessitated the need for the Office of Inspector General [OIG]. The OIG has the authority to investigate and enforce penalties and†¦show more content†¦Herein, the violations of law governing Medicare, the possible penalties faced and by whom in this office, recommended actions for Sam to take, and safeguards the office may consider putting in place to prevent this from happening in the future in this specific case will be reviewed. Violations of Laws Governing Medicare Criminal Sanctions There are federal health care statutes that federalize fraud violations. A false claim violation includes knowingly making a false statement or representation of material fact or billing for services knowing that the individual that provided the service was not a physician and may warrant charges as a felony or misdemeanor (Furrow, et al., 2015). The Federal Criminal False Claims Act criminalizes knowingly making a false claim to the United States Furrow, et al., 2015). 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While not all fraud can be prevented, by learning about the many different types of fraud, patients can be educated on how to protect themselves from fraud. If we use government programs to inform the public that they can be targeted, the dollar amount for these cases for fraud can be reduced. An informed public and a properly funded FBI will go aRead MoreEssay about Health Care Fraud2076 Words   |  9 PagesHealth Care Fraud: The typically overlooked crime of healthcare fraud has resulted in a significant monetary loss on the part of the American public paying into government run medical programs, as well as private insurance company programs. Historically, we have seen that in any instance where money is involved people have found ways to or at least have attempted to obtain it illegally. Some do it through overt acts of violence such as a robbery. Others choose more covert ways of illegally obtainingRead MoreThe Healthsouth Fraud And Internal And External Audit Failure3212 Words   |  13 Pages The HealthSouth Fraud: An In-Depth Analysis of the Fraudulent Activities and the Internal and External Audit Failure HealthSouth Corporation is one of the U.S.?s largest healthcare companies and is the biggest owner and operator of inpatient rehabilitative hospitals. The present CEO, Richard Scrushy, founded this Fortune 500 company in 1984. It expanded tremendously in the 1990s and received most of its revenue through Medicare. By 1993, it became the largest rehabilitation services company.

Black Economic Structure Free Essays

1) Malcolm X spent much of his life fighting for equal rights for African Americans. Like others, Malcolm suffered from discrimination, economic suppression, and violent acts at the hands of the whites. Throughout his life, he could not escape the atmosphere of racial prejudices, as it existed everywhere from his welfare agencies to school and his family relationships. We will write a custom essay sample on Black Economic Structure or any similar topic only for you Order Now Although some form of equality exists today, many African Americans males are still continuously trying to establish themselves in society. As a young boy Malcolm participated in activities where he experienced little freedom. Malcolm was ranked number one in his class and elected class president, which shows that the school system allowed him to succeed to an extent. Malcolm had a dream of becoming a lawyer, but his English teacher quickly rejected his dream and told him he should become a carpenter, which demonstrated that whites were willing to allow black success only to a certain degree. Malcolm eventually came to an understanding that white society allowed progression when doing so did not threaten the established order of white society. Throughout his life Malcolm was seen as a â€Å"pet, mascot, and pink poodle,† which excluded him from society. He was a black student in a predominantly white school who was like a poodle in a family. He was seen as a submissive creature that represented no real threat to anyone. He was portrayed as white society’s model for how blacks should act, but white society didn’t see him as a human being in his own right. Malcolm realized that no level of accomplishment or esteem would break down the essential barrier to his acceptance and success in society. White oppression stripped him of the power and independence a normal man would experience. Although Malcolm experienced great amounts of discrimination, he was still able to succeed and become Minister Malcolm X and lead many civil rights events. In society today, the prototypical black male experience in America is extremely comparable to the life of Malcolm X. Most black men are looked down on because of the various stereotypes that exist in our society today. Many believe that if black men aren’t athletes or rappers, or if they aren’t washing dishes or waiting tables, they have no purpose in society other than being seen as inferior. Each and every day a black man experiences discrimination, but the black men who have goals and aspirations will be the ones who will make a difference like Malcolm X did. Malcolm lived through a rough time, but he still managed to make it as can every other black man in the world. ) Like Malcolm X, Washington too envied the lives of white dues to the simple fact that there was absolutely no limit placed on his or her dreams and aspirations. During his years of adolescence, Washington was very aware of what it meant to be a black man in a white society. With this knowledge, Washington was very optimistic and assured himself that whatever dreams or goals he would accomplish would be the result of hard work and persistence. Washington wrote, â€Å"I have learned that success is to be measured not so much by the position that one has reached in life as by the obstacles which he has overcome while trying to succeed. Out of the hard and unusual struggle through which he is compelled to pass, he gets a strength, a confidence, that one misses whose pathway is comparatively smooth by reason of birth and race. † (Washington, 1901, p 39). Washington believed that if blacks strove to be impressive and distinctive they would be accepted in society. He believed that being black or any race other than the majority was an advantage because there was a better chance of achievement due to the fact that one would constantly try to overcome any obstacles. He believed that through proof, blacks would be connected with the white society. Alongside assisting African Americans in attaining economic success, Washington also had accomplishments in the field of education, in becoming the first black educator at the Tuskegee Institute. Washington was very concerned about forming connections within both the black and white communities, and achieved his goal. I believe his argument is still valid for those who actually want to make something of themselves in life and are willing to go above and beyond in doing so. Unfortunately black males are not always hardworking and persistent in trying to accomplish a goal. They tend to take the easy way out, and in doing so end up with the mediocre jobs unless they are playing professional sports or apart of an entertainment industry. Like Washington said success comes with overcoming obstacles, and I do not think blacks are willing to overcome the many obstacles they would have to face in order to become established. With the many stereotypes of black men, I do not think success would be as easy for the black man because they are already looked down upon from the beginning. ) In recent years, terms such as crisis, at-risk, insignificant, and endangered have been used with increasing regularity to describe the troubles and conditions of black males. The grounds for using such harsh descriptions of conditions that black males face is provided by a broad range of social and economic indicators, all of which point to the undeniable fact that large numbers o f individuals who fall within these two social categories, black and male, are in deep trouble. Many perceive black men as being violent and aggressive law breakers regardless of their true nature. It doesn’t stop there. Some stereotypes of Blacks include being arrogant, athletic, devious, dirty, dishonest, drug addicts, incompetent, inferior, lazy, unintelligent, noisy, passive, poor, primitive, untrustworthy, and violent, and â€Å"having rhythm. † Some black men have some of the same goals and aspirations as the white man, but they too have a deep fear of rejection due to the discrimination they continue to experience in their daily lives. When the black man continuously gets rejected he is eventually going to subject himself to activities just to make ends meet, or he is going to start to believe the stereotypes set out for him. When you have a large group of black men in a society that rejects them, they are going to feel like they have no chance at success, and therefore they will feel like they have nothing to lose. With nothing to look forward to, they are going to unconsciously want to destroy their surroundings. Throughout Malcolm’s he was seen as inferior, and eventually began to feel more like a â€Å"mascot† or pet than a human being equal to those around him. Malcolm had dreams of becoming a lawyer, but his teacher instead told him he should be a carpenter. One of his Malcolm’s teachers laughs at him and tells the class that â€Å"though the slaves have been freed, black people are still lazy and dumb. † When an adult says something like that to a child, the child is more than likely going to believe the teacher and begin to think of him or herself as being lazy and dumb. If a child begins to believe this negative stereotype, their performance in school could be effected, and cause them to drop out. If they drop out they may begin to deal drugs or commit robberies and end up in jail. Dealing drugs or being incarcerated is the perception whites have for blacks today. Media also has a negative effect on portrayal when it comes to representing an entire race of people. No two people are exactly alike no matter what race they come from so there is no way one film can represent all peoples. Unfortunately, many people believe that a certain depiction of black people characterizes all black people, which is certainly not the case. This is very dangerous because this perpetuates stereotyping and discrimination. Any form of media, whether it be a film, TV show, etc. , black males tend to play the role of the poor black man who lives in poverty and usually belongs to a gang. He usually has no goals, and has a mediocre job if he has one at all. They usually dress in baggy jeans with long shirts or â€Å"hoodies† and wear timberlands or sneakers. In media, blacks aren’t usually portrayed positively, and even if they were, many wouldn’t believe that is how blacks really live their lives. For example, In The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air, the Banks family is very well off, but many wouldn’t believe that all blacks are well off because 95% of the time blacks are being potrayed as being a threat to society. 4) LaLee’s Kin: The Legacy of Cotton shows the disadvantaged life of residents living in the Mississippi Delta. The documentary shows how living in poverty and the lack of education still effects the lives of many living in Mississippi even though slavery has been over now for hundreds of years. The main character, Laura Lee (LaLee) Wallace, was an illiterate 62-year-old woman who had been living all her life in Tallahatchie County, Mississippi. She had one surviving son, nine daughters, 38 grandchildren and 15 great-grandchildren. On a daily basis she encountered many difficulties from raising her grandchildren to receiving news about her son continuously being put in jail. LaLee received $494 from her disability benefits and sold home cooked meals to workers at the cotton factory to make more money to keep the children clothed and fed. In the movie LaLee said, â€Å"I cry sometime, I pray sometime, I sing sometime. † LaLee and her grandchildren struggled each day in trying to take care of each other. The images of barefoot children playing on abandoned cars outside dilapidated motor homes, and of families who get water for drinking and washing by filling plastic jugs from a hose were unbelievable because it took you back to the times of slavery when slaves really had to wash themselves with dirty water or walk around barefoot. One of LaLee’s grandchildren, nicknamed Granny was a very attentive and intelligent in school, but her grades began to fall due to the fact that she had household chores and had to care for her younger cousins or siblings which left little time for education. Paralleling LaLee’s struggle was Reggie Barnes, the superintendent of the West Tallahatchie schools, who continuously struggled in trying to raise school standards, bring in qualified teachers and obtain school supplies. If Barnes failed to raise the school from its current Level 1 status to a Level 2, the state of Mississippi has threatened to take over. Barnes and his faculty opposed this because they knew the state would not address the special needs of the children. With the illiteracy of the parents of the families of the children the children most likely will never be able to get a great education which will leave them illiterate when they get older. In LaLee’s family the cycle of living in poverty and lacking education is evident, which makes it seem like slavery still exists to this day. How to cite Black Economic Structure, Papers

Advanced Risk and Uncertainity Management

Question: Describe about the "Mfb Melbourne Fire Brigade". Answer: Introduction This task aims at analyzing the risk assessment in Melbourne Fire Brigade through comparison of models. In addition to that the eventual outcome of fire through probality matrix, risk analysis and risk register are used to explain further on the operations and activies of the fire station. The risk structure break down provides a general summary of the whole organization in stages and easier way. The essentials and challenges in the model are pointed out in the course of the paper. Melbourne fire brigade (mfb) Risks assessment models Fig 1 Systems And Simulation Models Risk levels indicated in the table above form the basis for deciding on whether it is necessary to improve existing controls or introduce new ones , as well as the timing of actions : The strategy to be followed in the risk assessment includes the following steps : Danger Identification Risk valuation according to the possibility of becoming accident and the outcomes of the catastrophe Deduct tolerable The Risk Regulation Strategy must include guidelines for : Combat the risks at base Adapt work to the individual , together with the choice of accessories and techniques of work and production , with a view in particular to getting rid of monotonous and recurring work in order to reduce its effects on overall health . Take into consideration the development of technology . Replace the hazardous by involving minimal risk Adopt procedures that put combined effort protection to the individual . Giving suitable instructions to workers ( Tanaka , Akimoto , Inoue , 2012 ) . This plan should be evaluated routinely to make changes if changes in jobs . The company must have for specifications of the Act with an overview of the final results of the Risk Assessment ; Endeavours should be intended to reduce the risk , determining the necessary investments . Measures to reduce the risk should be carried out in a given period . When the measured risk is associated with extremely harmful consequences , further action will be needed to establish more precisely the likelihood of harm as a basis for determining the need for improved control measures ( Stockstrom Herstatt , 2012 ) . Currently Used Model Is Firebrigade Intervention Model Risk assessment model Fig.2 This model inputs and outputs are : Inputs Initial evaluate and periodically each of the production procedures of the business from a proactive point of view . Analyze modern production processes from model , eliminating hazards at their source Control processes from a precautionary point of view . Remove all of the the dangers which can be technically and monetarily possible , setting up plans to eliminate the dangers that simply cannot be today , it may be the average and long lasting . Establish collective safety measures to keep workers off from the dangers that could not be eliminated Establish combined effort safety measures for protection Systematically create basic safety inspections ( Hu , 2013 ) . Inform personnel of the risks and hazards to which they are subjected . Adequately educate workers in the utilization of protective measures established Periodically assess all technical measures taken to guarantee continuous development . Outputs High Setting of specifications and general or used on processes or alternatively methods specific administration areas . This model requires to be followed to the later and if any stage is skipped the whole model collapse . Procedures preventive approach requires highly sophisticated apparatus and very costly in the acquisition of protective materials , vehicles , alarm system and all the necessary equipment required for its operation ( Vasilcovschi Munteanu , 2014 ) . There is need for setting specifications and contractual commitments , contracts and subcontracts , to ensure information and coordination on prevention . Inner rules as well as processes for the allocation of staff ( completely new hires or even transforms job ) , guaranteeing fitness ( prior healthcare evaluation ) , working out , needed training , guidance in the work of the job to fill and obligatory information risks in the same . Specifications as well as methods for working with special hazards and formalize work permits . Rules and also operating proce sses essential to enforce fulfillment with preventive measures set up in the standard growth and development of the activity ( research of incidents as well as incidents , basic safety information sheets tasks , etc . Set in conjunction with the specialized office preventive routine maintenance programs and reviews premises , equipment and also facilities ( Heckerman Mamdani , n .d . ). Comparison There first motel shows a centralized way of handling the risk of fire at hand while the second is a structure that has been disintegrated to handle the risk . The current model is structure in stages while the model subject is a way in which without a certain procedure followed will still function normally . No need to improve preventive action . However , improvements should be considered more cost-effective solutions or which do not have a significant economic burden . Periodic checks are required to ensure the effectiveness of control measures is maintained . Risk assessments for which there is no specific legislation : We must use international or national standards or technical official body or bodies of reputable guides . Risk assessments that require specific methods of analysis : contemplating serious risks such as fires , explosions , etc . which they have specific legislation ( Xiao , 2012 ) . Risk break down structure for fire risk analysis Risk break down structure for fire risk analysis This is the arrangement of risks from the top to the lowest by decomposing the highest risks as you move down the structure. The fire station organization It includes: inadequate funding due to allocation of less revenue by the county government of Melbourne and few or no wellwishers input. Activies schedules maybe unorganized or less defined. Unrealistics goals for the organization that may lead to failure. External risks It includes: Catastrophic occurances such as earthquakes or even storms. Weather conditions that might be unfavourable such as windy conditions that spread fire faster and randomly. Workers issues that includes sickness, strikes, inadequate equipments and so forth Technical Risks It includes: Untested technology that might go wrong or give negative results. Performance risks where workers input may be below par. Quality of technology that is not upto the level of dealing with big fire situations. Management risk It includes: Planning of resources and time because these two are important in ensuring that the fire risk is eliminated completely if the allocation is right. Cost estimates maybe overestimated or underestimated whereby the risk of failure is more. Budget and equipments is important in planning ahead and ensuring efficiency operation of the fire brigade station. Risk Analysis A . Category of work routines a preliminary danger evaluation step is to prepare a list of work activities , grouping them in a rational and also feasible way ( De Marchi , 2003 ) . One possible way of classifying function activities is as follows : 1 . Exterior centers of the company Areas . 2 . Levels in the production process or perhaps in offering a service . 3 . Job and structured maintenance . 4 . Projects defined , for instance , forklift wheelers . For each and every work , activity could possibly be necessary to have data , inter alia on the following elements : to . Tasks . Its length and rate of recurrence . b . Areas exactly where work is done . c . Who does indeed the work , both of them long lasting and informal . d . Some people who could possibly be affected by work actions . And . Training programs has personnel had on the performance of his obligations . Qualitative techniques : are characterized by not switching to numerical computations . They can be general methods together with relative methods . Semi qualitative methods : the will need to initiate a quantitative assessment concerning frequencies of occurrence of a particular occasion because they are known as strategies to determining number of occurrence , or epitomized by resorting to a category of the areas of a facility depending on a series quantifying damages index : dangers indices . The following table gives a simple method for estimating the risk levels according to their estimated probability and its expected consequences ( Chen , 2013 ) . Risk Register is an application used in management of risks and also known as risk log. Risk registers maybe either qualitive or quantitive depending on the probalities; qualitive is the level used medium, low or high while quantitive is the numerical such as MFB case as shown below. Melbourne Fire Brigade Risk Register RISK CATEGORY AND THE NUMBER 1. RISK DESCRIPTION RISK CONSEQUENCES RAW RISK (1-5) LOWEST = 1 HIGHEST = 5 MITIGATION/ CONTROL RESIDUAL RISK AFTER MITIGATION/ CONTROL (1-5) LIKELY HOOD(L) CONSQ UENCES(C) L*C LIKELY HOOD(L) CONSQ UENCES(C) L*C INADEQUATE FUNDS 2. Lack of equipments and unable to deliver services promptly Leads to loss of more property and lives due to delayed response 3 3 9 Through policies and national government support more sources of funds are available. 2 3 6 UNORGANISED ACTIVIES SCHEDULE 3. Activities are performed in a disoganised manner lacking priority Leads to loss of important properties or important things are done last 4 5 20 Through use of to do list and project managers the organization of the station can be achieved. 2 5 10 UNREALISTIC GOALS 4. The goals might be too high to be achieved within a certain timeframe Leads to lack of ambition and failure to do things that are necessary 3 4 12 Engaging all the relevant parties before setting goals minimize possibility of unrealism. 2 4 8 CATASTROPHIC OCCURRENCE 5. This is unexpected occurances beyond human being control Inability to reach the desired point in time and increased delay 3 4 12 The forecast technology and having a cushion in case such occurance does happen. 2 4 8 WEATHER CONDITIONS 6. Unfavourable weather conditions such as sunny and windy These conditions acceretate forest fires and leads to uncontrollable results 2 4 8 Using the data from metreological department often. 1 4 4 WORKERS ISSUES 7. Sometimes workers get sick or engage in strikes This may lead to little or no work done that may have dire consequences such as more deaths 4 5 20 Having extra workers and standby employees to help ease pressure if one is unavailable 3 5 15 UNTESTED TECHNOLOGY 8. Technology that is yet to be proved right or effective and is implemented There maybe system failure or lack of co-ordinated work 2 5 10 Making sure that a certain procedure is used before a new technology is implemented. 1 5 5 PERFORMANCE CRISIS 9. This might occur due to demotivated workers or lack of necessary equipments May lead to increased property loss or more deaths 3 5 15 Using incentives and bonuses to motivate workers 2 5 10 QUALITY OF TECHNOLOGY 10. Low quality or outdated technology There times when such a technology may lead to loss of property or machine failures 3 3 9 Ensuring stratergies to implement up-to-date technology are put in place 2 3 6 PLANNING OF RESOURCES AND TIME 11. Where the planning is disorganized and lack a motive There are few accomplished tasks and less co-ordination of to do list 3 4 12 Having personnel specialized in planning such as project managers 2 4 8 COST ESTIMATES 12. Where there are overestimation or underestimation of costs There might be misconception or ill advised activities done due to tese wrong figures 4 5 20 Having accountants and financial analysts look at their costs before estimating 3 4 12 BUDGET AND EQUIPMENTS OR APPARATUS 13. The budget might be condensed and with no ability to accommodate more repetitive and spontaneous activities There might be few accomplished tasks or some situation needing dire assistance left for self results to be obtained. 3 4 12 Devising methods to increase revenue and income and appealing to more well wishers. 2 4 8 Probability index using probability formula P R O B A B I L I T Y I N D E X FREQUENT LIKELY OCCASSIONAL SELDOM UNLIKELY A B C D E S E V E R I T Y CATASTROPHIC I 1 2 6 8 12 CRITICAL II 3 4 7 11 15 MODERATE III 5 9 10 14 16 NEGLIGIBLE IV 13 17 18 19 20 R I S K L E V E L S (1-20) 1-LOWEST AND 20-HIGHEST Since the probability is linked directly to the results of experience, the fact that an event occurs, you can change the probability of others. The process of making data on fire history, explore and further tests illustrates this principle (Zhang, 2013). The probability that event A occurs if the B event has occurred is called conditional probability defined and this definition is consistent, i.e. meets the probability axioms. Conclusion The models used in Melbourne Fire Brigade are effective and are stilling doing great service to the community at large. However, as illustrated in the first model few alterations ought to be done to eensure faster and timely response to fire risk. Also the station has a structure that is ideally focused to the local people and through use of probality index they ought to asses their alternatives in future. The risk register as shown has the capability to summarise data entry and it is easier to retrieve information in future with it regularly visited by any assigned groupor individual. References Chen, J. Sun, C. (2010). Nanoparticles: Aspects of Safety and Risk Management. AMR, 113-116, 222-225. De Marchi, B. (2003). Comments on Ortwin Renn's article 'Hormesis and risk communication': considerations about uncertainity, ignorance and governance. Human Experimental Toxicology, 22(1), 25-29. Heckerman, D. Mamdani, A. Uncertainty in artificial intelligence. Hu, Z. (2013). Preventive Resettlement and Risk Reduction Strategy Analysis in Disaster Risk Management System. AMR, 838-841, 2185-2189. Stockstrom, C. Herstatt, C. (2012). Planning and uncertainity in new product development. IEEE Engineering Management Review, 40(4), 68-79. Tanaka, K., Akimoto, H., Inoue, M. (2012). Production risk management system with demand probability distribution. Advanced Engineering Informatics, 26(1), 46- Vasilcovschi, N. Munteanu, G. (2014). IDEAS in AGORA: Decision-Making Risk: The Difference Between Risk And Uncertainity In Economic Activities. Human And Wang, Y. (2012). International Logistics Risk Management. AMR, 433-440, 3112-3116. Xiao, X. (2012). Business Logistics Outsourcing Risk and Management. AMR, 479-481, 1718-1721. Zhang, L. (2013). Research of Risk Management About Construction Enterprises. AMR, 838-841, 3127-3130.

As I Lay Dying Novel †Literature Essay

As I Lay Dying Novel – Literature Essay Free Online Research Papers As I Lay Dying Novel Literature Essay Although the novel As I Lay Dying is a work which contains numerous universal lessons as well as countless personal applications, there are a number of these which cannot be ignored. One message that appears to be very important to both the plot and the central theme is that of love. Specifically, Faulkner makes the point that love can be expressed in many ways. This aspect of the book is a major lesson that can be learned from the actions of the various Bundren family members and their relationship to Addie Bundren. Often times, people in our society suppose that, because a person, be it a family member, romantic interest, or other relation, does not express their love to someone in literal terms, i.e. saying, â€Å"I love you,† that the person feels little or no love for them. Other people can see love when it is expressed not only in literal but in related ways, such as kindness and service. Nevertheless, as Faulkner shows in this novel, love for another can be expressed in various and extraordinary fashions. To begin with, one must examine the actual love the members of the family possess for Addie. Addie Bundren extracts a promise from her family, â€Å"when Darl was born I asked Anse to promise to take me back to Jefferson when I died†¦Ã¢â‚¬  When she indeed does die, all of the members of the family go on the trek to Jefferson, but each for different reasons. This displays the inherent love they have for their mother. Dewey Dell has no love for her mother, in fact, she is only glad to go on the trip because she needs an abortion. Darl says to her, â€Å"‘You want her to die so you can get to town: is that it?’† Darl himself has no specific reason expressed in the novel to want to go to Jefferson, and although he probably really loves Addie, despite his statement, â€Å"I cannot love my mother because I have no mother,† he accompanies the family centrally for respect of the promise she has left them with. The statement he makes shows how he apparently can feel the favoritism his mother has toward her â€Å"Jewel.† Jewel is truly the only character in the novel who clearly shows outward signs of love towards Addie. Although these signs are generally symbolic and very deep, they are there. The only way Jewel knows how to express himself is through anger and violence. This he displays countless times throughout the novel, with his physical actions and his verbal assaults, such as the one against the negroes and the white man. â€Å"I can see his [Jewel’s] ears taking on a still deeper tone of furious red†¦ When we pass the negroes their heads turn suddenly with that expression of shock and instinctive outrage. ‘Great God,’ one says; ‘what they got in that wagon?’ Jewel whirls. ‘Sons of bitches,’ he says.† This passage, for example, shows how defensive Jewel gets when normal people react to the obvious reeking stench of his deceased but beloved mother. Jewel is very violent and vulgar in his love. When he, concerning his mother’s gra ve, speaks, â€Å"Who the hell cant dig a damn hole in the ground?† His father, Anse, who apparently believes in only literal love, replies, â€Å"‘It aint respectful, talking that way about her grave,’ pa says. ‘You all dont know what it is. You never pure loved her, none of you.’† This statement is ironic in that Jewel is the one who loves his mother and Anse is traveling to Jefferson not for love or even respect, but for a selfish reason: â€Å"now I can get them teeth. That will be a comfort, it will.† Additionally, Jewel shows his love for his mother through a zoological conduit- his horse. The horse is a symbol of Jewel’s love for Addie as declared, â€Å"Jewel’s mother is a horse,† countless times throughout the novel. When they depart on their trip, Anse makes the comment that â€Å"I told him not to bring that horse out of respect for his dead ma, because it wouldn’t look right, him prancing along on a durn circus animal and her wanting us all to be in the wagon with her that sprung from her flesh and blood†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Again, this is another ironic statement by Jewel’s hypocritical and disrespectful father. In truth, to Jewel, his horse represents his mother, and so, by riding it, he is much closer to her than he could ever be in the wagon next to her dead body. When the Gillespie’s barn is burning, Jewel rushes in to save his mother from burning, it is of importance to note that he rescues the horses first. â€Å"he [Jewel] leaps toward the stall where the horse screams†¦ he appears, his back arched, the muscles ridged through his garment as he drags the horse out by its head†¦He drags it on, slowly, terrifically†¦ and beats the maddened horse on out of the door.† It is only after he has done this feat that he goes back in and grabs the coffin containing Addie’s dead body. â€Å"Jewel runs crouching to the far end of the coffin and stoops to it†¦ We see his shoulders strain as he upends the coffin and slides it single-handed from the saw-horses.† Vardaman, the youngest son, although he loves his mother, is too young and inexperienced with life to understand the scope of what has happened. He wants to go to town to look at a toy train in the toy store. He says, â€Å"We are going to town. Dewey Dell says it [the toy train] wont be sold because it belongs to Santa Claus and he taken it back with him until next Christmas. Then it will be behind the glass again, shining with waiting.† He, like Jewel, also symbolically transfers his mother’s spirit into an animal; in this case, a fish. Again, because of his youth and limited experience, he does not accept the fact that his mother is gone. Instead, as he sees her dead body, he consistently talks about how the body in the box is not his mother. â€Å"My mother is not in the box. My mother does not smell like that. My mother is a fish.† Vardaman loves his mother very much, and so cannot bear the thought of his mother being gone forever. Although he never literall y talks about how he loves his mother, he always expresses it in his own way. It is often difficult to tell, from actions or words, if one person loves another. However, one very moving point that Faulkner made in this novel is that love can be expressed in more ways than simply saying, â€Å"I love you.† Although these three words can be in themselves very moving and meaningful, to many it is very important and comforting to know that the human psyche is capable of deeper and more intense feelings than what is literally apparent. Such a concept can be learned and more greatly comprehended from reading this novel. Research Papers on As I Lay Dying Novel - Literature EssayWhere Wild and West MeetHonest Iagos Truth through DeceptionComparison: Letter from Birmingham and Crito19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyMind TravelTrailblazing by Eric AndersonThe Spring and AutumnEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm X

The Impact Of Ethical Sourcing Essays

The Impact Of Ethical Sourcing Essays The Impact Of Ethical Sourcing Essay The Impact Of Ethical Sourcing Essay The sourcing companies are preferred to source products at the lowest possible price, while at the same time ensure he suppliers produce the products With social and environmental considerations. The purpose of this policy is to ensure that products and raw materials purchase by or on behalf of a company consistent with the mission to develop and promote ethical responsibility at every stage in a fashion supply chain. In 1 9905, fashion retailers mainly focused on the economical aspect i. E. Sweet cost with reasonable quality, of achieving the products. While ethical issues are increasingly concerned recently in supply chain management. Globalization is likely one of the factors that contribute to the ransom, which many companies move the production lines offshore to those developing counties for the reason of lower production costs. Concerns on the human right of the workers and the environment protection have been raise in these countries. Change in consumer purchasing behavior may be another factor. This change may possibly increase pressure on fashion retailers or producers to sell or use products that are produced environmentally friendly and respecting human rights. Any failure would probably destroy the companies trustworthiness and even threaten corporate survival. International brands Gap and Nikkei are examples that suffered negative publicity as a result of failing to maintain the ethical issues in their production process. This appears to force fashion companies to adopt ethical sourcing and ensure their suppliers in all stages of supply chain act accordingly. 2. Finding and Discussion The impact of ethical souring on the selection of production sources can be divided into two aspects: the selection of suppliers and the selection of production materials. 2. 1 . Selection of suppliers Traditionally, under limited information about the suppliers, fashion buyers end to use price as a standard for selection Of suppliers in which the lower the price a supplier offered, the more likely the supplier will obtain the business in a pool of potential suppliers. In addition to price, quality, delivery time and services provided may also affect their choices. Today, however, fashion companies take into account two additional concerns, i. E. Social responsibility and environmental sustainability, when selecting new suppliers. Price used to be considered as a critical factor in evaluating and determining suppliers as the price of raw materials contribute most in the production sots. Therefore to cut the production costs, fashion companies may choose the suppliers with the lower price. This low price, however, may reflect lower standards in response to the workers treatment and environmental protection. As to keep costs low, suppliers may pay low wages, require the workers to work long hours, provide poor working environment for their workers and employ child labors in order to gain the business and undercut other potential suppliers. These unethical social problems are now widely criticized by public and therefore trigger a change in supply chain management. Cooperate with those unethical suppliers may have a risk of reputation damage , and consequently many companies start to consider ethical issues when they are choosing suppliers. The main barrier for ethical souring On selection Of suppliers may possibly be the Costs. It seems difficult for the suppliers to produce products as cheap as before and at the same time adherence to ethical production, because they may have to increase the wage rate, improve working environment, and use safe and environmental friendly raw materials. This apparently lowers the opportunities for suppliers o gain the business unless they undercut other potential suppliers on cost. Also, the costs of sourcing ethical clothing, inevitably, will increase accordingly. A fashion buyer may face a tradeoff when selecting suppliers between lower costs and concerning ethical issues. When adopting ethical souring, fashion buyers may not be able to access to the interior of the suppliers and evaluate whether the products are produced according to code Of ethics and environmental standards. Evidence from third parties, therefore, may be required to provide advice for the companies. For example, United Nation Global Compact (UNC), requires companies to follow universal teeth kcal principles, is a standard to encourage companies worldwide to adopt sustainable social and environmental policies. Also, several non- government organizations (NAG) were established to encourage fashion companies to sourcing materials or clothing produced by manufacturers with ethical concerns. The Clean Clothes Campaign, the Ethical Trading Initiative (IT) and Fair Labor Association are the examples of NAG to promote ethical standards in clothing production. However, these organizations that help in ethical sourcing may be criticized as not reliable. For example, one of the members in the IT, Gap, had been found inconsistent with the ethical standards by employing child labors. Consumers, therefore, may need self- adjustment on the companies performance and the information on the companies official website may provide a way. Some of the fashion companies, such as Patagonia and People Tree, provide transparency of information about where the raw materials come from and where the production is carried out on their websites. This is because these companies recognize that any inappropriate and unethical corporate actions in supply chains may affect the companies image and reputations in the market. 2. 2. Selection of production materials Selecting appropriate raw materials would be very important as the features of raw materials could have a great influence on the finished products. There is trend for fashion buyers to source clothing made from sustainable cottons and produced by Fair Trade manufacturers. For instance, Marks Spencer had sold clothing made from Fair Trade cotton since 2006; Monsoon sold Fair Trade clothing; New Look sold t-shirts made from organic cotton; Houses sold clothing made from recycled cotton fabric. Sustainable cottons refer to the cottons that are produced in response to social ethics and environmental protection. Examples are organic cotton, better cotton and recycled cotton. Organic cotton takes an important role in ethical souring and there are a growing number Of fast ion companies that start to take step towards using organic cotton. Timberland could be a typical example that does a lot to reduce damage to the environment in which 80% of the shoes are manufactured from organic cotton or recycled materials. HM, another example, is one of the leading users of organic cotton in the world. Cotton is regarded as the most popular fiber used in garment. Standard cotton farming is criticized for produce significant environmental problems as it is accounted for 1 1 % of the worlds pesticide consumption. Organic cotton, which is grown without pesticides and fertilizers, is therefore used to improve farmers health and reduce considerable environmental pollution. This kind of farming may possibly minimize the adverse effect on rivers or water source nearby. Better cotton, which is introduced by Better Cotton Initiative to promote good farming behavior, also growth with less irrigate water, chemical, and with more concern to the soil, natural environment and working condition for farmers. Recycled cotton, which is made from the scraps produced by textile mills or post-consumer cotton waste, is important to minimize unnecessary wastage and environmental impacts. Recycle cotton reduce waste to landfill and the use of virgin cotton, chemicals, water and land. Although it is environmental friendly to use sustainable cottons, there are several imitations regarding the usage of these cottons. There seems to be physical limitation for organic cotton and better cotton of having less output because of the absence of chemical pesticide and fertilizers. Apart from physical limitation, there is also economical limitation in which using sustainable cottons is very expensive. Cost of farmers will be increase as the certified organic seed is expensive. Farmers may possibly transfer these extra cost to manufacturers for producing sustainable cotton fabrics. The cost of fashion companies will increase accordingly as extra expense is resulted from using expensive cotton fabric, getting organic cotton certification and paying a Fair Trade premium to farmers. A huge investment of money, time and effort may be required to develop and train farmers skills for producing sustainable cottons in order to meet the international standard. 3. Conclusion Ethical sourcing may conceivably be the critical souring strategy for every fashion companies worldwide in the nearest future as it brings a great deal of benefit to the society while at the same time minimizes the environmental impact. It mainly affects the supply chain in the selection of suppliers and production materials. Although the change in criteria of selection production source may discourage the economic aspect as higher purchase price, it does promote the companys reputation and good image to be an ethical corporate as consumers concern. This may actually reduce operation costs of a company as more recycled materials are used and less effort may be put on promoting brand image. Reputation is a key to maximum corporate benefit and there is no other choice than employing ethical sourcing to maintain or improve reputation in the long term. With increase in reputation, new marketing opportunities could be found.

Plastic Surgery College Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Plastic Surgery College - Essay Example Reconstructive surgery on the other hand can be defined as the surgery which can be pursued by so many people and this is only appropriate to those people who have irregular formations on their bodies. So, it is due to these irregular formations on ones body which has led to the reconstructive surgery by these people in order to try and make their bodies look good and also proportional. An example is the presence of a broken scar or even an earlobe which is so common to so many people. It is due to this fact you will tend to find that people will do plastic surgery on their bodies. So in real essence, plastic surgery is done on people's body in order to try and change their looks. So research was done in most of the teenagers and adults since these are the type of people who are basically doing plastic surgery so that they can be in a position to try and change their bodies' images. It was out of the research which was done on these people which gave the following advantages and disa dvantages. (Lovice, 2000). Plastic surgery can have so many advantages but only when the right procedures have been applied. A good example to explain this is the case of the cosmetic surgery which is one of the plastic surgeries used by so many people. This is because cosmetic surgery can be one of the things one would need in order to enhance ones image. Everyone would love to have a beautiful look and this is what is making so many people to dash for plastic surgery since with plastic surgery, one is in a position to improve on ones image. Plastic surgery has been a solution for so many people to try and change their images. Plastic surgery is seen to have peoples sensitivity, psychology and bodily. This is because in most cases, the representation or even the observation of ones body can be used in many cases to manage ones life obliquely. In this case, am trying to say than plastic surgery can help in improving ones facade and hence can be used as one of the achievement to ones life. You find that during the growth of a person especially those people who are brought up at the rural areas whereby they have to do most of the families activities say looking after the cattle, collecting firewood's, you will find that these people are exposed to so many body arms which will lead to so many scars in their bodies. At times, such scars are not well pleasing to look at and hence it is due to this fact you will find that so many people will do plastic surgery so that they can be in a position to improve on their appearance. So in this case, plastic surgery will have the impact of improving ones body hence leading to ones excel in life. (Lovice, 2000). Plastic surgery has also the advantage of making people to look healthier and energetic. You find that so many people can have the benefits of plastic surgery not only at their early ages but they can have these benefits even at any given age. This is because it is not sensitive to age. Even the old people can use plastic surgery so that they can be in a position to look good and healthy. So in this case, for example those adult people who do plastic surgery, they eventually prepare themselves mentally for the gorgeous and beautiful looks hence can make them look good and healthy. It is due to the development of their looks which can then be seen to make them live more energetically. Patients in this case are also seen to have an emotional powerful improvement while performing plastic surgery. An

The Brady Act; A policy review Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

The Brady Act; A policy review - Case Study Example The examination of this study will show where there is a specific set of implementations for the crimes as well as changes in the understanding of the act through political and social rejection of the Brady Act. To alter this, there is the need to further examine what the gaps in the act are as well as what can be done to further prevent crimes through types of weaponry. Policies and acts are defined to provide protection and safety among the nation while regulating different actions by citizens in the United States. A policy which has come into effect since 1993 is the Brady Act, which is based on regulating the hand guns that are supplied to individuals in different states. The act was developed specifically to have regulations on criminals who try to purchase hand guns by creating controls and stipulations that are a part of receiving a handgun. The Brady Act has shown several prospects that are helping to regulate the crimes from hand gun purchases; however, there are also several questions in the legitimacy of the act as well as to what extent the act can provide a complete lowering of criminal rates within different states while offering the correct types of restrictions among those who carry firearms. The concepts that are in the study are based on the Brady Act and how it has changed the regulations with firearms. The author shows that the regulations and policies have been implemented over a longer period of time; however, this has not stopped the purchases of handguns by criminals. The author shows how the policies, such as background checks, five day waiting periods and state and federal regulations haven’t been able to alter the purchase in different states. The reinforcement of the act is one which the author shows as limited, specifically which is shown through the statistics of the Brady Act and the amount

Yahoo Company: Strategic Analysis

Yahoo Company: Strategic Analysis How can issues facing Yahoo! Be described as strategic? To understand and do differentiate strategy from other issues facing Yahoo! We need to look at what Strategy is? What defines as strategy? Strategy is set of actions that managers take to increase their companys performance relative to rivals. However in the view to access Yahoo! a fuller definition would be helpful. Strategy is the direction and scope of an organization over the long term, which achieves advantage in a changing environment through its configuration of resources and competences with the aim of fulfilling stakeholder expectations. We have to identify if issues facing Yahoo! Is Yahoo! Concerned with the long-term direction of the company? What we clearly see is that Yahoo! Is lacking in a clear vision for the future, unfocused they have drifted way form what they are, no clear ownership and lack of accountability is eminent in the organization. Yahoos chief executive Terry Semel has said, Yahoo needs to refocus in order to maintain a leadership position in the face of strong challenges. Brad Garlinghouse mentions radical restructuring, which cannot be implemented over night it would take a considerable period of time, they need to achieve this in baby steps indicate that Yahoo is looking at long term, long term direction. Is Yahoo! Concerned with the scope of its operations? The issue of scope of activity is fundamental to strategy. This is about is Yahoo! Concentrate on one area of business activity, or they want to be in many. Currently its doing everything and be everything to everyone Brad Garlinghouse plans suggest to exit non-core business and eliminate duplicative projects and business, which is to concentrate on Yahoos strategic decision to few core activities. Compressing of the scope of activity is clearly a fundamental aspect of Yahoos plan. Is Yahoo! Trying to achieve some competitive advantage? Its about finding the competitive edge. Yahoo! Has a large audience, the company has a great customer loyalty. Brand has created instant attraction in the click market. But overlapping responsibilities coupled with trying to do too many things have increased Yahoos operating and maintaining cost is disadvantages for competitive advantage. Yahoo! Was forced to delay the introduction of a key upgrade to the technology in turn forcing it to lower revenue forecast. Is resource allocation one of the issues facing Yahoo!? Spreading peanut butter across myriad opportunity a clear strategic decision facing Yahoo! Its about company is not utilizing its massive resources financial, human and other assets. Careening into wide variety of new business ventures have left Yahoo! Unable to, compete effectively. Duplicating activities and giving different silo like Flicker and Yahoo Photos, 360 group and social group have being costly duplicating initiatives created unexpected cannibalization (eating its own market share). Are they trying to find a strategic fit with the environment? Strategy can be seen as the search for strategic fit with the business environment. Yahoo! Is looking for a stronger faster company, which means that the current over bureaucratic structure doesnt fit/match the quick changing highly competitive web market environment. Are they building on resources and competences? Its about exploiting the strategic capabilities, in terms of unique resources and core competences, to provide competitive advantage or to gain new opportunities. Yahoo! Is in the view to turn smoothly spread butter into a deliberately sculpted strategy, which indicated they want to take all the resources and competencies and concentrate and focus on few key business units. Is Yahoo! Concerned about stakeholder values and expectations? Strategy of an organization is affected by those who have the power in and around the organization, there values and attitudes influences strategy. Unclear ownership, argue and fight over ownership will have a negative impact on Yahoo! Intern will result in investors and employees values and expectations. Massive redundancies will alter employee expectations. Is there a transformational change? Delayer of Yahoo! To be efficient with, fewer people. Radical reductions in the head count by 15%-20% show that Yahoo! Is in for a transformational change. Therefore, as I have outlined above under each of the characteristics of a strategy and applied to Yahoo! Its clear that what Yahoo! Is facing is a strategic decision. A corporate strategic decision, which is concerned with the overall purpose of Yahoo and adding value to different part of the business. Which will impact Yahoos success or failure unlike with operational and tactical decisions the effects of which sometimes provide immediate feedback, likely results of corporate strategic decisions may not be evident for many years but, when felt could result in the failure of the entire business. The strategic decision to shift from advertisement income to charging users directly for personalized services like audio subscription and web page by Yahoo! Resulted in loss of revenue and plummeting of the share price. Strategy is a game about the future in which the whole company is at stake and which the possibilities for regretting a move or getting back are often not realistic or very costly. Therefore, strategy and strategy planning is the perhaps the most difficult but perhaps also the most important management tasks Yahoo is facing. (Exploring Corporate Strategy seventh edition page 7-9, by Jonson, Scholes and Whittington) To what extent do they differ from strategic issues facing your own organization? Strategic issues encountered by Yahoo more or less relevant to most organizations. However, it is likely that different strategic decision characteristic will be more important in some contexts and in some organizations than the other. Yahoo! Needs to be a stronger and faster company a company with clearer vision and clearer ownership and clearer accountability, it will need to understand the rapid development of technology, needs to continuously update and improve its search engine features and exploit new market opportunities. It gives a different emphasis for my company that of full service Hair salon providing haircuts, facial treatments and nail services to the needs of a local community. Hair Salon is operating in a single market, a small local community with a single or very limited product and services. Where as Yahoo! A global diverse company has its presence in all over the world. Its diverse not only with product and services but also with the geographical market. Therefore, the scope of the operation in my hair salon likely to be less of a strategic issue than of what Yahoo has to content with. The local community that I operate knows how I am and my service. I have created a great customer loyalty through experienced staff that I have carefully hired and try to expand my market share through word of mouth. A part from that I am the only salon in the 25-mile radius, which has given a great competitive advantage. Even though Yahoo! Has created a brand loyalty sustaining the competitive advantage and the market share would be very challenging with massive competitive nature of the market it operates in. Therefore, the ways in which the salon and Yahoo! Handle competitive advantage will differ in making a strategic decision. I started my business with the capital that I gained for sale of my property and bank debt that I still pay. I have utilized the capital and my exceptional talent in haircutting fully. I want to expand my business to include a tanning spa but my ability to raise capital has stopped me. Whereas if Yahoo! Is in hold of massive assets in terms of financial and human but the unfocused nature and lack of a cohesive vision have created problems to Yahoo! Therefore, the ability and allocation of resources are issues facing both companies but to what extent and access to capital will differ in terms of strategic decision. Yahoo! Is facing issues with values and expectations of the stakeholders due to unclear ownership. For a private enterprise like Yahoo the ultimate success criteria is value of the company to the owners: the stakeholder value. Therefore, in Yahoo stakeholder value is mother of strategic goals. I have to deal only to my customers and my self. As you can see even though values and expectations exist in both organizations to what extent it affects my salon and Yahoo! Makes a difference in the strategic context. Therefore, strategic issues facing Yahoo! Compared to my hair salon tend to be complex due to wide geographical scope and the wide range of products and services it has to offer to the differentiated market. The pace of change in the environment as well as competition yahoo is facing needs it to be fast, adaptive and customer responsive to the uncertainty. Strategic issues need to be integrated through out the value chain, a decision to decentralized managers have to cross functional and operational boundaries to deal with all over Yahoo! Critically examine how strategic issues differ between profit making and a non-profit oriented organization? There are similarities between for-profit and non-profit organizations. First and foremost, both types of organizations begin with a solid mission statement and a vision statement that drive the strategic planning process and remind all the members of the organization of their foundation. Both are organizations where assets are held and business transacted in the name of the corporation rather than the individuals occupied. To survive and grow, both need to create or bring in more revenue than they consume on operations. Both are involved in producing a good or service for customers. And, of course, both are managed and run by the people who are employed by the organization. We always hear about for profit companies, such as Yahoo! And the strategies they have developed. Even though, non-for profit organizations are not concerned with profit maximization they act to uplift the culture quality of life of the region they operate in, they too benefit from following good strategies since they need generate profits to survive and grow. However, it is the distribution of the remainder of the profits that is one of the differentiating characteristics between for profit and non-profit organizations. Therefore, the key strategic issues facing a, for profit company and non-for profit will differ. In a for profit organization the profits that are not re-invested in the organization are distributed to the owners of the company as cash. (If they do its to gain more return for the investment). The point is that the profits of a non-profit organization constantly go toward sustaining some cause that society deems as good and helpful and not into the pockets of the investors. We have to look at the values and expectations; values will be of central strategic significance and plays an important part in the development of strategy. Non-profit organizations charities, churches etc. the sources of funds will be linked to different objectives and expectations of the funder. The mere existence of the non-for profit lies in the hands of the funder or the funding body hence the long-term direction is depended. Therefore, funders are likely to have a stronger influence on the decision making process. These are mission-driven organizations working to increase the quality of life for a specific community or society Where, as a private company are looking at profit maximization working to the best interest of their stakeholders ROCI. There is no real measure of efficiency other than to carry out its mission and achieve its set out objectives within the money contribution it has raised or received. In contract profit organization are in inconstant need of achieving high efficiency and productivity to deal the customer expectations as well as maximizing in return on capital invested. A profit company is created when investors collectively transfer assets and talent to start the company. The company, which is in fact a fictitious individual in the eyes of the law, takes title and ownership of the assets, etc. and gives, in exchange for the assets, ownership shares in the company to those who contributed the assets. However, with a non-profit, individuals come together and provide assets and talent to start the corporation. But, these people who create the corporation do not receive any legal ownership in the corporation and, further, have no guarantee that they will be able to retain control of the corporation once formed. All of the assets are now to be used to advance that cause or provide the service for which the non-profit business was created Some characteristics are found in profit and no profit organizations but the frequency of strong impact is much higher on a no profit organization. Hence, the strategic decision that profit and no profit company makes will differ. We are reactive instead of charting an unwavering course tactics Critically analyze the accuracy of the statement that formal planning systems are irrelevant for firms. This is about strategy development process. Through which strategies actually develop in an organization. This process can be grouped into two main types. First is the notion of strategy development as deliberate management intent, which has been planned, that is formally created ahead of events. This is the concept of intended strategy. It is literally strategy as design. Second is emphasized on the emergence of strategy from internal and external factors existing in and around the organization. Where strategy emerge from day to day decisions and activities. This is the concept of emergent strategy. Quinn has termed it as logical incremental. Both approaches must be examined within the context of an increasingly dynamic, highly competitive and global business environment. The statement We are reactive suggest that Yahoo! Is following a planned or intended strategy. Being reactive is a characteristic of planned strategy. Which follows systematic process where analysis of organizations internal performance and external environment will result in long term plan. Senior management is in charge of defining the final objectives and the plan is then put into action. With logical and analytical analysis will allow organizations to formulate strategies to meet new opportunities and barriers. This approach will enable organizations to manage and organize complex activities on different business units quite effectively and efficiently. Intended strategic formulation is based on existing strengths and capabilities of an organization to optimize its growth. On the contrary, in times of rapid change and turbulence it fails to find alternatives and adapt that Yahoo! Is facing. Unplanned changers are a shock, so the strategy doesnt have a logical answer it tends to be reactive to change and the reaction this might not be timely as in the case of Yahoo! Or the result might be no action at all. The fact that logical approach implies that strategy development is always deliberate and everything strategy will be realized according to plan. Besides, perspective indented strategy formulations consist assumptions that are unsustainable to todays changing business world. Unpredictable acts of events will regularly force originally strategy of its course. Additionally, this method doesnt allow organizations to absorb any learned element to strategy so can limit organizations ability to response flexibly in todays changing environment. Further, this model fails to complement the modern team culture where everybody is part of a team and everyone can participate in the strategy building decisions that might result in dissatisfaction and low motivation. Charting an unwavering course implies that Yahoo! Need to follow a more emergent approach to strategy. Instead of meeting a premeditated plan; strategy evolves through a process of learning, adjustment and experimentation. An emergent approach leads to more creative and responsive strategy making which is well suited to the hyper-competitive and unpredictable environments of today this is what Brad Garlinghouse mentions in charting an unwavering course thats dealing with constantly changing market. In contrast with the prescriptive approach which focuses on creating a fit between established strengths and new opportunities, the emergent approach intentionally creating a misfit between these factors. Hence, its more suited to transformational change in organizations as well as managing helping to reduce resistance to change among employees. On the other side of the coin, when planning and implementation two simultaneous strategic process are taking place it runs the risk of confusion and being too slow. These mean valuable opportunities might be lost. Additionally, without analytical analysis objectives lack clarity and a basis of evaluating performance. Also conflicting strategic choices by different groups might hinder strategic development. Emergent strategies do not mean that management is out of control it is just more open, flexible, responsive and willing to learn. This is an important strategy in a complex, uncertain and changing environment. It best case scenario, it enables management to act before everything is fully understood. Nonetheless, such a strategy has the risk of lack of direction. A greater use of strategic planning tools for internal and external analysis would certainly facilitate improved organizational learning and enhance strategic thinking even while following an emergent approach. Deliberate strategies help to manage, to impose intentions on the organization and to provide a sense of direction. The prescriptive and emergent processes, rather than being mutually exclusive, can be complementary to each other. All in all, most viable strategies in todays business world should have customized elements of prescriptive and emergent characteristics in order to manage the complexities of their business. Analyze your own organizations approach to its strategic planning process. There are many different ways in which strategy could be understood, developed and implemented. All of these views have there own merit. Using analytical tools such an internal and external environment, research data like competitor analysis and planning systems like cash flow and budgeting will be useful to create design strategies. Which Yahoo! No doubt have used when developing its strategy. However, its critical to understand how experience and culture influences an organization. Like for my salon founder a naturally talented and creative individual is still a dominant influence on strategy. Strategy by idea is another concept, where a new idea might emerge through the organization from the variety of experience and behaviors that are found across the organization. Our salon, strategies are based on following of past strategies which has being influenced by the founder through his experience and the vast expertise, more of the same, we are in the view why fix when it isnt broken. We are driven by taken for granted assumption and the ways of doing things embedded in the culture of our salon. The best that can be expected is what Herbert Simon termed bounded rationality which results in managers satisficing rather than optimizing; they do the best they can within the limits of their circumstances, knowledge and experience. (Exploring corporate strategy seventh edition page 45) the strategies are developed as the outcome of the founder and his experience, which influence strategic decision. In order to grow and thrive in the future there has to be strategic planning with all aspects of people and salon management. Salons can often survive; certainly do well for periods of time in conditions of relative stability, low environmental turbulence and little competition. However, virtually none of these conditions prevail in the current world for great lengths of time. Investment in a process that leads to a well developed strategic plan will mean the difference between retaining your best clients and your best stylists and will mean the difference between successful profitable growth and steady decline. Therefore, we need to reassess our strategic thinking; we address our problems in much the same way as we dealt with a previous issue seen as similar. For example the recent profit downturn was interpreted, as decline in overall market condition where as the true fact being no new trend setting by our stylist. We lack hair-cutting techniques that are required by the Young Urban Professionals. It is therefore helps to understand of where innovative strategies come from and how organizations cope with dynamic environments. It also poses question about whether the top management really have control over strategic direction. Discuss ways in which the planning process could be improved? Whether you are a fan of Porters five forces or the concept of Blue oceans strategy or other relevant tools of analysis, a strategy process has simple logical sequence, like A comes before B, B before C. before you look for the blue ocean and sail out on it, its wise to know your limitations of your boat, and also practical to be able to navigate and know about the water you are about to experience. (Something about strategic panning by Bjarn Nielsen 2006) Systematic strategic assessment helps to find, and decide, the handful of really big issues facing the salon. It is the size and impact of these strategic issues that gives rise to the importance of the strategic plan and to improve their performance. Performance is about creating value for the main beneficiaries of the company. Strategic thinking and planning can help to keep the focus on value creation, and not on management tools or practices for their own sake. For example, a SWOT Analysis is a useful tool in one of the essential improving the salons planning processes. Our planning process has to follow, formal, well documented, clearly communicated, and simple procedures. 1. Commitment from people who will be affected by the plan This is the start and to ensure support for planning, and the implementation of the plan. Example stylist, the purchasing manger. 2. Long term strategic objectives to improve service of the salon These objectives should clearly promote the enduring purpose of the company. This means knowing and identifying for whom the salon exists, (the target market) and what services we seeks to provide. The intended clients must be defined in segments group. The services offered must also be client oriented. By creating a mission, vision statement to the salon. 3. Creating strategic options Analysis of key strategic issues and short-listing, according to worth and creating of alternative strategies. By examining alternatives, it is likely that the salon will find alternatives that are superior to the current approach. Our expert stylist spend to much time on washing client hair, we can analysis few alternative approaches to dealing either tell your clients to wash there hair and come, hire a new hair stylist, hire a trainee or cut the price and offer haircuts without wash. The business will encounter environmental changes; if Alternative, contingency, plans have been considered for these changes, the organization can respond more effectively. 4. Evaluate and Decide on strategies Effective formal planning uses systematic methods for evaluating the various alternatives. Evaluate to ensure that they do not go against any objectives. Ensure that all major strategic issues are addressed. 5. Monitoring of the strategies against the long-term objectives. Need a method of running the plans as it gets executed. The plan should provide for customer feedback. To allow for corrective action, the monitoring system should address the same objectives and factors determined as significant through the planning process. Too often there is a disconnection between the plan and its reality. Put simply find and decide what to do about the handful of really big issues facing the business. The strategic planning process and tools, such as SWOT analysis, will find the strengths, weaknesses and opportunities, threats. These approaches, with their value-based management focus, will ensure that our business will have long run superior performance, and we will also be at less risk of failure.